select_related is used for ForeignKey and OneToOne relationships and performs a SQL JOIN to get related data in one query. prefetch_related is for Many-to-Many and reverse ForeignKey relationships and runs separate queries, but joins them in Python.
In Django, the N+1 problem is a common performance issue that can occur when interacting with the database. It typically arises when querying related objects in a loop, causing additional, unnecessary database queries. This results in the application making one query to get the initial set of data (the "1") and then making N additional queries to fetch related data for each object, leading to inefficient database access.










