The Top 100 Development Frameworks in 2025

Let’s start with a question: What would the digital world look like today without development frameworks? Could we have built the apps and websites that define modern life?

If you think about it, frameworks have truly revolutionized how we build software. Without them, developers would be stuck reinventing the wheel every time they needed a new project. Whether you’re coding a simple web app or building complex, large-scale systems, frameworks provide the necessary foundation for fast, scalable development.

And yet, with the huge variety of frameworks available today, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed.

So, how do you choose the right one for your needs? What makes one framework stand out from the rest?

This blog is designed to help answer those questions. We’re diving deep into 100 development frameworks you should know about in 2025, breaking them down into clear, actionable insights to help you make the best choice for your next project.

A framework isn’t just a tool. It's a blueprint for building software. It’s a set of pre-written code that defines how your application will be structured and how different components will interact. Think of it like a sturdy skeleton that holds everything together, allowing developers to focus on adding the unique “flesh and blood” of their project.

By providing predefined elements like functions, classes, and templates, frameworks help developers avoid the repetitive work of coding basic tasks. They allow teams to move faster and build better-quality applications, reducing the chance of errors and boosting productivity.

Development frameworks come in many shapes and sizes, and they’re built for different purposes. Let’s break down the most common types of frameworks you’ll encounter in 2025:

1. Web Development Frameworks

These frameworks are designed for building web applications. They handle everything from managing HTTP requests to building UI components.

• Popular Frameworks: React, Angular, Vue.js, Django, Flask
  
  

2. Mobile Development Frameworks

Mobile frameworks allow developers to create apps that run on Android, iOS, or both.

• Popular Frameworks: React Native, Flutter, Xamarin, Ionic, Swift
  
  

3. AI and Machine Learning Frameworks

For AI and ML developers, frameworks provide pre-built models and tools that speed up machine learning tasks.

• Popular Frameworks: TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras, Scikit-Learn
  
  

4. Blockchain Frameworks

Blockchain frameworks provide the tools necessary for building decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts.

• Popular Frameworks: Ethereum, Hyperledger, Truffle, Corda
  
  

5. Testing Frameworks

These frameworks automate and streamline the testing process, helping developers ensure their applications work as intended.

• Popular Frameworks: Jest, Mocha, Selenium, Cypress

Now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s dive into the top 100 frameworks every developer should know.

1. React
   
   • • Use Case: Building interactive UIs for web applications.
       
       
     • Strength: Component-based architecture, fast rendering, large ecosystem.
       
       
     • Popular Use: Facebook, Instagram, Airbnb.
       
       
2. Angular
   • • Use Case: Building large-scale, enterprise-level web applications.
       
       
     • Strength: Two-way data binding, powerful tools for dynamic content.
       
       
     • Popular Use: Google, Microsoft, Netflix.
       
       
3. Vue.js
   • • Use Case: Single-page applications and user interfaces.
       
       
     • Strength: Lightweight, easy to integrate, and fast rendering.
       
       
     • Popular Use: Alibaba, Xiaomi, Adobe.
       
       
4. Django
   • • Use Case: Rapid development of secure and maintainable web apps.
       
       
     • Strength: Built-in security features, scalability, Python-based.
       
       
     • Popular Use: Instagram, Pinterest, Mozilla.
       
       
5. Flask
   • • Use Case: Minimalist framework for small to medium web applications.
       
       
     • Strength: Flexible, lightweight, ideal for APIs and microservices.
       
       
     • Popular Use: Netflix, Lyft, Airbnb.
       
       
6. ASP.NET Core
   • • Use Case: Cross-platform, high-performance web applications.
       
       
     • Strength: Cross-platform, security, scalability.
       
       
     • Popular Use: Stack Overflow, Microsoft, Intuit.
       
       
7. Express.js
   • • Use Case: Building web and mobile applications.
       
       
     • Strength: Minimalistic, fast, part of the MEAN stack.
       
       
     • Popular Use: Uber, IBM, Accenture.
       
       
8. Ruby on Rails
   • • Use Case: Database-backed web applications.
       
       
     • Strength: Convention over configuration, rapid development.
       
       
     • Popular Use: 9GAG, MasterCard, Pfizer.
       
       
9. Spring
   • • Use Case: Enterprise-level Java applications.
       
       
     • Strength: Full-stack, powerful security, scalability.
       
       
     • Popular Use: Netflix, eBay, LinkedIn.
       
       
10. Laravel
    • • Use Case: PHP web development.
        
        
      • Strength: Elegant syntax, built-in tools for routing, authentication.
        
        
      • Popular Use: 9GAG, MasterCard, Pfizer.
        
        
11. Svelte
    • • Use Case: Building fast, small web apps.
        
        
      • Strength: No virtual DOM, less boilerplate code, fast execution.
        
        
      • Popular Use: The New York Times, Rakuten.
        
        
12. Next.js
    • • Use Case: Server-rendered React applications.
        
        
      • Strength: SEO-friendly, fast loading times, automatic code splitting.
        
        
      • Popular Use: TikTok, Hulu, Starbucks.
        
        
13. Gatsby
    • • Use Case: Static site generation with React.
        
        
      • Strength: SEO-friendly, fast loading, powerful plugin ecosystem.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Impossible Foods, React, Nike.
        
        
14. Ember.js
    • • Use Case: Building ambitious web applications.
        
        
      • Strength: Convention over configuration, powerful templating.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Discourse, LinkedIn, Twitch.
        
        
15. Backbone.js
    • • Use Case: Structuring JavaScript applications.
        
        
      • Strength: Lightweight, flexible, models and views.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Airbnb, Trello, Pandora.
        
        
16. Semantic UI
    • • Use Case: Creating beautiful, responsive websites.
        
        
      • Strength: Consistent design patterns, easy-to-understand syntax.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Udemy, Slack, Facebook.
        
        
17. Meteor.js
    • • Use Case: Full-stack JavaScript for real-time apps.
        
        
      • Strength: Full-stack integration, real-time data synchronization.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Workpop, Walmart, Honeywell.
        
        
18. Sinatra
    • • Use Case: Lightweight web applications and APIs.
        
        
      • Strength: Simple, minimalistic, fast.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Heroku, GitHub, Shopify.
        
        
19. Jekyll
    • • Use Case: Static site generation.
        
        
      • Strength: Easy integration with GitHub Pages, Markdown support.
        
        
      • Popular Use: GitHub, Apple, Shopify.
        
        
20. Phalcon
    • • Use Case: High-performance PHP applications.
        
        
      • Strength: Extremely fast, low overhead, C-based.
        
        
      • Popular Use: 500px, Siphon, Scaleout.
        
        
21. React Native
    • • Use Case: Cross-platform mobile apps.
        
        
      • Strength: Single codebase for iOS and Android, native performance.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Facebook, Instagram, Airbnb.
        
        
22. Flutter
    • • Use Case: Cross-platform mobile development.
        
        
      • Strength: High-performance apps with custom UI components.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Google, Alibaba, eBay.
        
        
23. Xamarin
    • • Use Case: Cross-platform mobile apps in C#.
        
        
      • Strength: Native performance, integration with .NET.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Slack, Microsoft, UPS.
        
        
24. Ionic
    • • Use Case: Building hybrid mobile apps.
        
        
      • Strength: Open-source, mobile-first UI components.
        
        
      • Popular Use: MarketWatch, Diesel, Nationwide.
        
        
25. PhoneGap
    • • Use Case: Hybrid mobile apps using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
        
        
      • Strength: One codebase for all platforms, large plugin ecosystem.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Wikipedia, Adobe, The Guardian.
        
        
26. Kotlin
    • • Use Case: Android mobile app development.
        
        
      • Strength: Modern, concise, fully interoperable with Java.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Pinterest, Uber, Trello.
        
        
27. Swift
    • • Use Case: Native iOS app development.
        
        
      • Strength: Fast, safe, intuitive.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Instagram, Lyft, Airbnb.
        
        
28. Sencha Ext JS
    • • Use Case: Cross-platform mobile and web apps.
        
        
      • Strength: Data-intensive apps, rich UI components.
        
        
      • Popular Use: U.S. Army, American Express, Cox.
        
        
29. Framework 7
    • • Use Case: Building mobile apps with rich UI.
        
        
      • Strength: Highly customizable, built-in support for iOS and Android.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Uber, Alibaba, Samsung.
        
        
30. NativeScript
    • • Use Case: Native mobile apps with JavaScript or TypeScript.
        
        
      • Strength: Full access to native APIs, cross-platform.
        
        
      • Popular Use: SAP, Wavemaker, Barclaycard.
        
        
31. TensorFlow
    • • Use Case: Deep learning, machine learning models.
        
        
      • Strength: Large-scale, cross-platform, strong community support.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Google, Uber, Airbnb.
        
        
32. PyTorch
    • • Use Case: Deep learning and AI applications.
        
        
      • Strength: Flexible, easy to use, fast prototyping.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Facebook, Microsoft, Twitter.
        
        
33. Keras
    • • Use Case: Simplifying the creation of neural networks.
        
        
      • Strength: User-friendly, high-level API.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Google, Netflix, Uber.
        
        
34. Scikit-learn
    • • Use Case: Machine learning algorithms and data mining.
        
        
      • Strength: Simple, fast, well-documented.
        
        
      • Popular Use: NASA, Spotify, Intel.
        
        
35. Apache MXNet
    • • Use Case: Deep learning at scale.
        
        
      • Strength: Scalability, supports multiple programming languages.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Amazon, Microsoft, Google.
        
        
36. Caffe
    • • Use Case: Fast deep learning framework for image classification.
        
        
      • Strength: Speed, efficient on GPUs.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Facebook, NVIDIA, Qualcomm.
        
        
37. Theano
    • • Use Case: Mathematical computation for AI models.
        
        
      • Strength: High-performance, can utilize GPUs.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Université de Montréal, Twitter, DeepMind.
        
        
38. Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit (CNTK)
    • • Use Case: Deep learning and neural network training.
        
        
      • Strength: Speed, scalability, integrated with Azure.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Microsoft, Intel, Huawei.
        
        
39. Chainer
    • • Use Case: Flexible deep learning.
        
        
      • Strength: Dynamic graph approach, intuitive.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Preferred by researchers in Japan.
        
        
40. ML.NET
    • • Use Case: Machine learning with .NET languages.
        
        
      • Strength: Seamless integration with .NET ecosystem.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Microsoft, StackOverflow.
        
        
41. Ethereum
    • • Use Case: Building decentralized apps (dApps).
        
        
      • Strength: Smart contracts, robust ecosystem.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Uniswap, MakerDAO, Decentraland.
        
        
42. Hyperledger Fabric
    • • Use Case: Enterprise blockchain solutions.
        
        
      • Strength: Modular, permissioned networks.
        
        
      • Popular Use: IBM, Walmart, SAP.
        
        
43. Truffle
    • • Use Case: Ethereum smart contract development.
        
        
      • Strength: Smart contract testing, deployment.
        
        
      • Popular Use: ConsenSys, Microsoft.
        
        
44. Corda
    • • Use Case: Business-focused blockchain.
        
        
      • Strength: Security and privacy for enterprises.
        
        
      • Popular Use: UBS, R3.
        
        
45. IOTA
    • • Use Case: Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
        
        
      • Strength: Scalable, zero-fee transactions.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Bosch, Volkswagen, Fujitsu.
        
        
46. jQuery
    • • Use Case: Simplifying JavaScript for web development.
        
        
      • Strength: Easy DOM manipulation, cross-browser compatibility.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Twitter, WordPress, LinkedIn.
        
        
47. Bootstrap
    • • Use Case: Front-end framework for responsive web design.
        
        
      • Strength: Pre-built grid system, UI components.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Twitter, NASA, LinkedIn.
        
        
48. Foundation
    • • Use Case: Building responsive websites.
        
        
      • Strength: Mobile-first design, customizability.
        
        
      • Popular Use: eBay, Dell, Adobe.
        
        
49. Sass
    • • Use Case: CSS preprocessor for cleaner, more maintainable stylesheets.
        
        
      • Strength: Variables, nested rules, mixins.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Airbnb, Hootsuite, IBM.
        
        
50. Tailwind CSS
    • • Use Case: Utility-first CSS framework.
        
        
      • Strength: Customizable, fast to implement.
        
        
      • Popular Use: GitHub, Zoom, Discord.
        
        
51. Grails
    • • Use Case: Web development with Groovy.
        
        
      • Strength: Full-stack, fast, integrated with Java.
        
        
      • Popular Use: LinkedIn, Netflix, The Home Depot.
        
        
52. CakePHP
    • • Use Case: Rapid PHP web development.
        
        
      • Strength: Convention over configuration, built-in tools.
        
        
      • Popular Use: BMW, Express, The Telegraph.
        
        
53. Hapi.js
    • • Use Case: Web application and API development.
        
        
      • Strength: Powerful plugin system, configuration-driven approach.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Walmart, Disney, PayPal.
        
        
54. Flask-RESTful
    • • Use Case: REST API development with Flask.
        
        
      • Strength: Lightweight, simple, fast for building APIs.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Pinterest, Netflix, Airbnb.
        
        
55. Spring Boot
    • • Use Case: Building stand-alone, production-ready Spring applications.
        
        
      • Strength: Simplifies configuration and deployment.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Amazon, Netflix, eBay.
        
        
56. JQuery Mobile
    • • Use Case: Building mobile-optimized websites.
        
        
      • Strength: Touch-friendly, cross-platform, minimal setup.
        
        
      • Popular Use: The New York Times, LinkedIn, Facebook.
        
        
57. Lumen
    • • Use Case: Lightweight micro-framework for Laravel.
        
        
      • Strength: Speed, simplicity for building APIs.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Uber, Pusher, GitHub.
        
        
58. Ant Design
    • • Use Case: React-based UI framework.
        
        
      • Strength: Rich set of customizable components for enterprise apps.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Alibaba, Baidu, Tencent.
        
        
59. Silex
    • • Use Case: Micro-framework for PHP.
        
        
      • Strength: Small, lightweight, flexible for simple web apps.
        
        
      • Popular Use: TED, Songkick, The Guardian.
        
        
60. PhantomJS
    • • Use Case: Headless browser for automating web interactions.
        
        
      • Strength: Scriptable, fast for automated testing.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Yahoo, Pinterest, Google.
        
        
61. Web2py
    • • Use Case: Rapid web app development with Python.
        
        
      • Strength: No configuration, web-based IDE.
        
        
      • Popular Use: CERN, Bank of America, NASA.
        
        
62. Quasar
    • • Use Case: Vue.js-based framework for building responsive apps.
        
        
      • Strength: Cross-platform (Web, iOS, Android).
        
        
      • Popular Use: Alibaba, Nespresso, Vime.
        
        
63. Telerik Kendo UI
    • • Use Case: Building modern web apps with JavaScript.
        
        
      • Strength: Rich set of UI components for enterprise applications.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Expedia, Microsoft, Cisco.
        
        
64. Gulp.js
    • • Use Case: JavaScript task runner for automating workflows.
        
        
      • Strength: Fast, efficient task automation for development.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Airbnb, NASA, SoundCloud.
        
        
65. Bootstrap 4
    • • Use Case: Frontend development for responsive websites.
        
        
      • Strength: Pre-designed UI components, grid system, customizable.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Spotify, Uber, Lyft.
        
        
66. Grunt.js
    • • Use Case: Automating repetitive tasks in development.
        
        
      • Strength: Efficient task runner for web development.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Dropbox, NASA, PayPal.
        
        
67. ClojureScript
    • • Use Case: Building frontend web applications with Clojure.
        
        
      • Strength: Lisp-based language, immutable data structures.
        
        
      • Popular Use: eBay, Cognitect, Metabase.
        
        
68. Polymer
    • • Use Case: Web components for reusable elements.
        
        
      • Strength: Lightweight, fast, focused on building custom HTML elements.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Google, YouTube, Microsoft.
        
        
69. Mithril
    • • Use Case: Lightweight, fast single-page applications.
        
        
      • Strength: Tiny size, great for fast loading.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Mozilla, Gmail, Dropbox.
        
        
70. Backbone.js
    • • Use Case: Structuring JavaScript applications with models and views.
        
        
      • Strength: Lightweight, simple architecture for creating scalable apps.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Airbnb, Trello, Pandora.
        
        
71. D3.js
    • • Use Case: Data visualization in the browser.
        
        
      • Strength: Creates interactive graphics using HTML, SVG, and CSS.
        
        
      • Popular Use: New York Times, BBC, Netflix.
        
        
72. Vite
    • • Use Case: Fast modern build tool for JavaScript projects.
        
        
      • Strength: Blazing fast, optimized for modern frameworks.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Vue.js, React apps, GitHub.
        
        
73. ZURB Foundation
    • • Use Case: Responsive front-end framework.
        
        
      • Strength: Modular design, flexible grid system.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Adobe, NASA, Intel.
        
        
74. Next.js
    • • Use Case: React-based framework for server-side rendering.
        
        
      • Strength: SEO-friendly, automatic code splitting.
        
        
      • Popular Use: TikTok, Hulu, Starbucks.
        
        
75. Xamarin
    • • Use Case: Building cross-platform mobile apps with C#.
        
        
      • Strength: Native performance, .NET integration.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Slack, Microsoft, UPS.
        
        
76. Ionic
    • • Use Case: Cross-platform mobile development.
        
        
      • Strength: Uses web technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript).
        
        
      • Popular Use: MarketWatch, Diesel, Nationwide.
        
        
77. PhoneGap
    • • Use Case: Hybrid mobile apps using HTML, CSS, JavaScript.
        
        
      • Strength: One codebase for all platforms, large plugin ecosystem.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Wikipedia, Adobe, The Guardian.
        
        
78. Kotlin
    • • Use Case: Android mobile app development.
        
        
      • Strength: Modern, concise, fully interoperable with Java.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Pinterest, Uber, Trello.
        
        
79. Swift
    • • Use Case: Native iOS app development.
        
        
      • Strength: Fast, safe, intuitive.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Instagram, Lyft, Airbnb.
        
80. Sencha Ext JS
    • • Use Case: Building cross-platform mobile and web apps.
        
        
      • Strength: Data-intensive apps, rich UI components.
        
        
      • Popular Use: U.S. Army, American Express, Cox.
        
        
81. TensorFlow
    • • Use Case: Deep learning, machine learning models.
        
        
      • Strength: Large-scale, cross-platform, strong community support.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Google, Uber, Airbnb.
        
        
82. PyTorch
    • • Use Case: Deep learning and AI applications.
        
        
      • Strength: Flexible, easy to use, fast prototyping.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Facebook, Microsoft, Twitter.
        
        
83. Keras
    • • Use Case: Simplifying the creation of neural networks.
        
        
      • Strength: User-friendly, high-level API.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Google, Netflix, Uber.
        
        
84. Scikit-learn
    • • Use Case: Machine learning algorithms and data mining.
        
        
      • Strength: Simple, fast, well-documented.
        
        
      • Popular Use: NASA, Spotify, Intel.
        
        
85. Apache MXNet
    • • Use Case: Deep learning at scale.
        
        
      • Strength: Scalability, supports multiple programming languages.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Amazon, Microsoft, Google.
        
        
86. Ethereum
    • • Use Case: Building decentralized apps (dApps).
        
        
      • Strength: Smart contracts, robust ecosystem.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Uniswap, MakerDAO, Decentraland.
        
        
87. Hyperledger Fabric
    • • Use Case: Enterprise blockchain solutions.
        
        
      • Strength: Modular, permissioned networks.
        
        
      • Popular Use: IBM, Walmart, SAP.
        
        
88. Truffle
    • • Use Case: Ethereum smart contract development.
        
        
      • Strength: Smart contract testing, deployment.
        
        
      • Popular Use: ConsenSys, Microsoft.
        
        
89. Corda
    • • Use Case: Business-focused blockchain.
        
        
      • Strength: Security and privacy for enterprises.
        
        
      • Popular Use: UBS, R3.
        
        
90. IOTA
    • • Use Case: Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
        
        
      • Strength: Scalable, zero-fee transactions.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Bosch, Volkswagen, Fujitsu.
        
        
91. jQuery
    • • Use Case: Simplifying JavaScript for web development.
        
        
      • Strength: Easy DOM manipulation, cross-browser compatibility.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Twitter, WordPress, LinkedIn.
        
        
92. Bootstrap
    • • Use Case: Frontend development for responsive websites.
        
        
      • Strength: Pre-designed UI components, grid system, customizable.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Spotify, Uber, Lyft.
        
        
93. Foundation
    • • Use Case: Responsive front-end framework.
        
        
      • Strength: Mobile-first design, customizability.
        
        
      • Popular Use: eBay, Dell, Adobe.
        
        
94. Sass
    • • Use Case: CSS preprocessor for cleaner, more maintainable stylesheets.
        
        
      • Strength: Variables, nested rules, mixins.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Airbnb, Hootsuite, IBM.
        
        
95. Tailwind CSS
    • • Use Case: Utility-first CSS framework.
        
        
      • Strength: Customizable, fast to implement.
        
        
      • Popular Use: GitHub, Zoom, Discord.
        
        
96. GraphQL
    
    • • Use Case: API query language for data fetching.
        
        
      • Strength: Flexible, allows clients to request only the data they need.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Facebook, GitHub, Shopify.
        
        
97. Hugo
    • • Use Case: Static site generator.
        
        
      • Strength: Fast build times, flexible templating, and content management.
        
        
      • Popular Use: GitHub, Smashing Magazine, Discourse.
        
        
98. Gulp
    • • Use Case: JavaScript task runner for automating workflows.
        
        
      • Strength: Efficient build processes, task automation for development.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Airbnb, NASA, SoundCloud.
        
        
99. NextAuth.js
    • • Use Case: Authentication library for Next.js apps.
        
        
      • Strength: Simple, supports multiple authentication providers.
        
        
      • Popular Use: Vercel, Shopify, Netlify.
        
        
100. Chakra UI

• • • Use Case: React component library for building accessible UIs.
      
      
    • Strength: Focus on accessibility, flexible, theming support.
      
      
    • Popular Use: Auth0, IBM, Walmart.

With so many frameworks out there, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. How do you choose the right one for your project? Here are a few tips to guide your decision:

1. Consider the Type of Project: Are you building a web app, a mobile app, an AI system, or something else? This will narrow your options significantly.
   
   
2. Team Expertise: Choose a framework that matches your team’s skills. If your team is proficient in Python, Django or Flask might be ideal.
   
   
3. Community and Support: Frameworks with large, active communities tend to be more reliable because you can access resources, tutorials, and help when you need it.
   
   
4. Scalability: If you're planning for long-term growth, choose a framework that can scale with your app. For example, Angular is great for large-scale applications due to its modularity.
   
   

Ultimately, the right framework will streamline your development process, reduce technical debt, and make it easier to build the software your users need.

So, whether you're just starting a new project or looking to improve an existing one, take your time in evaluating the frameworks. The right choice will set the tone for your development journey, and with the right framework, your project can truly thrive.

Ready to choose the right framework? Contact us for expert guidance.